Laryngitis
The larynx is important for vocal cord function and allowing air to flow through the lungs without any unwanted particles passing through. Laryngitis occurs when there is inflammation of the larynx, resulting in bothersome symptoms affecting the voice and throat.
Laryngitis Causes and Symptoms
Laryngitis occurs when the larynx becomes inflamed due to an infection such as a cold, flu, or bronchitis and leads to distressing symptoms. Those who smoke, overuse their voice (such as singers or public speakers), or are prone to infections have an increased chance of getting laryngitis. Some common symptoms of Laryngitis include:
- coughing
- sore throat
- difficulty breathing
- hoarseness
- occasionally loss of voice
Treatment for Laryngitis
Laryngitis generally resolves by itself within two weeks with home remedy treatments including using a humidifier, getting plenty of fluids, and resting the voice. If symptoms are severe or your need to speak is urgent, a doctor may prescribe corticosteroids for your recovery. Laryngitis in adults is not serious, however, symptoms lasting longer than two weeks, coughing up blood, high fever, or trouble breathing are all signs you should see a doctor for treatment.
Pharyngitis
The pharynx is the tissue between the tonsils and the larynx, and pharyngitis refers to the inflammation of the pharynx, otherwise known as a sore throat. Pharyngitis is a common condition, but persistent symptoms can be bothersome and can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious condition.
Pharyngitis Causes and Symptoms
Pharyngitis causes an unbearable sore throat and a scratchy, painful sensation that could make it difficult to breathe or swallow. Pharyngitis is more common during the colder months and is most often caused by a virus such as the cold, flu, or mononucleosis. Although less common, Pharyngitis can be caused by a bacterial infection such as strep throat. Those who are frequently exposed to viruses, have allergies, or experience sinus infections are at a greater risk of getting Pharyngitis.
Treatment for Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis is not usually serious and can be managed with at-home remedies. Pharyngitis and laryngitis generally occur together and with plenty of rest, fluids, and help from a humidifier, this condition should resolve within a week. In some cases, such as those caused by a bacterial infection like strep throat, medical treatment is required and an antibiotic will be prescribed by your doctor. A sore throat that is persistent or severe should always be examined by a doctor to determine the root cause and receive proper treatment.
Epiglottitis
The epiglottis is the tissue flap that blocks food and fluids from entering the windpipe when swallowing. Epiglottitis refers to swelling of the epiglottis, often resulting in blocked air flow to the lungs.
Epiglottis Causes and Symptoms
Epiglottitis can be caused by burns from hot liquids, injury to the throat, or a bacterial infection. The most common strain of bacteria causing the infection is Haemophilus influenza type B (or Hib) which is caught by inhaling the germs from an infected person through coughing or sneezing. Other causes include bacterial strep throat, inhaling chemicals, swallowing a foreign object, and throat trauma or injury. Symptoms of Epiglottitis include:
- high fever
- severe sore throat
- difficulty breathing and swallowing
- restlessness
Treatment for Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis may become dangerous since it can obstruct proper airflow into your lungs, making it difficult to swallow. Epiglottitis is generally a medical emergency and should receive treatment immediately. If epiglottitis is suspected, the patient should remain upright and avoid examining the throat until receiving medical attention. An oxygen mask or breathing tube may be required for initial treatment, and an antibiotic will be given if a bacterial infection is the cause.
Your Voice and Swallowing Disorder Consultation
Chronic sore throats may make it unbearable to swallow, breathe, or talk, so contact Alabama Nose, Ear, & Throat Specialists today to receive proper diagnosis and specific treatments in Tuscaloosa, AL based on your particular condition.
FAQs About Swallowing Disorders
Can eating too fast cause dysphagia?
Eating too fast can contribute to the sensation of dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, even though it might not be the direct cause of chronic dysphagia. When you eat too quickly, you may be more prone to swallowing large pieces of food without adequate chewing, which can lead to the sensation that food is stuck in the throat or esophagus, mimicking symptoms of dysphagia. This behavior can temporarily irritate or strain the muscles involved in swallowing. Additionally, eating rapidly may increase the risk of choking or cause other digestive issues such as an upset stomach or acid reflux, which can exacerbate the feeling of difficulty swallowing. To mitigate these effects, it is advisable to take smaller bites, chew food thoroughly, and eat slowly, allowing sufficient time for the body to process the food safely and comfortably.
Can intubation cause swallowing problems?
Intubation can indeed lead to swallowing problems, a condition medically referred to as dysphagia. While intubation is often a necessary procedure to maintain an open airway during surgeries or severe illnesses, it can sometimes result in temporary swallowing difficulties. This typically happens because the endotracheal tube may cause irritation or trauma to the throat, which can lead to inflammation of the tissues surrounding the esophagus and larynx. Moreover, prolonged intubation, particularly beyond 48 hours, increases the risk of developing swallowing problems due to potential injury to the vocal cords or throat muscles. Patients might experience symptoms like difficulty swallowing liquids or solids, a sensation of food being stuck in the throat, or even coughing or choking when eating. Its crucial to monitor these symptoms, as they can impact nutritional intake and overall recovery. The severity and duration of these issues can vary, and interventions like speech and swallowing therapy are often effective in helping individuals regain normal swallowing function over time.
Does barium swallow show inflammation?
A barium swallow, also known as an esophagram, is a diagnostic imaging test used to visualize the structure and function of the throat and esophagus. This test involves swallowing a barium sulfate solution, which coats the lining of the throat and esophagus, allowing these structures to be seen more clearly on X-rays. While a barium swallow can effectively show abnormalities in the shape and movement of the esophagus, such as strictures, hiatal hernias, or diverticula, it is generally not used to directly visualize inflammation. However, it may indirectly suggest inflammation by revealing changes such as irregular mucosal patterns or other structural alterations that could be related to inflammatory conditions. For direct visualization and confirmation of inflammation, additional procedures like endoscopy might be recommended.
What Happens If Pharyngitis Is Left Untreated?
Although pharyngitis is usually not serious, it can develop into rheumatic fever, which causes joint pain and inflammation of the heart. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) and an abscess on the tonsils or back of the throat are other rare complications that can develop from untreated pharyngitis.
How is Pharyngitis Transmitted?
Pharyngitis is transmitted through respiratory droplets when sneezing or coughing or through contact with contaminated surfaces and objects. Wash your hands thoroughly, avoid sharing foods and beverages, and cough into a tissue to prevent the spread of pharyngitis.
What Makes Epiglottitis Worse?
Epiglottis or tightening of the throat muscles can be worsened by stress, lying on your back, and putting anything into the mouth that could further block the airways. If you have epiglottis, try to relax and give your body plenty of time to rest and recover.
Can You Get Epiglottitis Twice?
Getting epiglottis twice is rare, but it can happen. Diabetes, excess alcohol consumption, and underlying immunodeficiency disorders can increase the risk of getting epiglottis more than once.
How Quickly Does Epiglottitis Progress?
Epiglottis symptoms can progress within a few hours in children, which is why it is important to seek treatment immediately if your child has a sore throat and sudden difficulty breathing. Adult cases of epiglottis are less common and symptoms often take a few days to progress.
